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This paper presents frameworks for safe data sharing, considering personal information, data use sensitivities, and analysis outputs. It addresses these sensitivities with variable controls throughout the data life cycle. The identified controls ensure appropriate treatment of data, alleviating concerns for data custodians and stakeholders. They are linked to demonstrated capability, assessable governance, and clear authority at each phase of the data life cycle. These link the purpose of data sharing (the ‘why’) with the mode of data sharing (the ‘how’) and provide a method to ensure sufficient governance.